History Events on November 18

The old St. Peter's Basilica is consecrated.

#Old_St._Peter's_Basilica

The first push-button telephone goes into service.

#Push-button_telephone

Maginulfo is elected the Antipope as Sylvester IV.

#Antipope

American and Canadian railroads institute five standard continental time zones, ending the confusion of thousands of local times.

#Time_zone

The Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court rules 4-3 in Goodridge v. Department of Public Health that the state's ban on same-sex marriage is unconstitutional and gives the state legislature 180 days to change the law making Massachusetts the first state in the United States to grant marriage rights to same-sex couples.

#Massachusetts_Supreme_Judicial_Court

Oman declares its independence from United Kingdom.

#Oman

The Council of Clermont begins: called by Pope Urban II, it led to the First Crusade to the Holy Land.

#Council_of_Clermont

Prince Carl of Denmark becomes King Haakon VII of Norway.

#Haakon_VII_of_Norway

The Visigoths, led by king Alaric I, cross the Alps and invade northern Italy.

#Visigoths

Christopher Columbus first sights the island now known as Puerto Rico.

#Christopher_Columbus

Two United States warships are sent to Nicaragua after 500 revolutionaries (including two Americans) are executed by order of José Santos Zelaya.

#Warship

World War II: German leader Adolf Hitler and Italian Foreign Minister Galeazzo Ciano meet to discuss Benito Mussolini's disastrous Italian invasion of Greece.

#World_War_II

French King Charles VIII occupies Florence, Italy.

#Charles_VIII_of_France

United States President John F. Kennedy sends 18,000 military advisors to South Vietnam.

#John_F._Kennedy

Susan B. Anthony and 14 other women are arrested for voting illegally in the United States presidential election of 1872.

#Susan_B._Anthony

The Ballantyne's Department Store fire in Christchurch, New Zealand, kills 41; it is the worst fire disaster in the history of New Zealand.

#Ballantyne's_fire

Iraq disarmament crisis: United Nations weapons inspectors led by Hans Blix arrive in Iraq.

#Iraq_disarmament_crisis

King Christian IX of Denmark signs the November constitution that declares Schleswig to be part of Denmark. This is seen by the German Confederation as a violation of the London Protocol and leads to the German-Danish war of 1864.

#Christian_IX_of_Denmark

After an 87-day siege, the Croatian city of Vukovar capitulates to the besieging Yugoslav People's Army and allied Serb paramilitary forces.

#Battle_of_Vukovar

Latvia declares its independence from Russia.

#Latvia

King's Cross fire: In London, 31 people die in a fire at the city's busiest underground station, King's Cross St Pancras.

#King's_Cross_fire

A seawall at the Zuiderzee dike in the Netherlands breaks, flooding 72 villages and killing about 10,000 people. This event will be known as St Elizabeth's flood.

#Zuiderzee

In the United States, the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) is approved by the House of Representatives.

#North_American_Free_Trade_Agreement

The rebuilt debtors' prison, at the Castellania in Valletta, receives the first prisoners.

#Debtors'_prison

Pope Boniface VIII issues the Papal bull Unam sanctam, claiming spiritual supremacy for the papacy.

#Pope_Boniface_VIII

In a naval action during the Napoleonic Wars, French frigates defeat British East Indiamen in the Bay of Bengal.

#Action_of_18_November_1809

Tiryaki Hasan Pasha, an Ottoman provincial governor, routs the Habsburg forces commanded by Ferdinand the Archduke of Austria during the Siege of Nagykanizsa.

#Tiryaki_Hasan_Pasha

In Jonestown, Guyana, Jim Jones led his Peoples Temple to a mass murder-suicide that claimed 918 lives in all, 909 of them in Jonestown itself, including over 270 children. Congressman Leo Ryan is murdered by members of the Peoples Temple hours earlier.

#Jonestown

The Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty is signed by the United States and Panama, giving the United States exclusive rights over the Panama Canal Zone.

#Hay-Bunau-Varilla_Treaty

Napoleonic Wars: The Battle of Krasnoi ends in French defeat, but Marshal of France Michel Ney's leadership leads to him becoming known as "the bravest of the brave".

#Napoleonic_Wars

World War II: Battle of Berlin: Four hundred and forty Royal Air Force planes bomb Berlin causing only light damage and killing 131. The RAF loses nine aircraft and 53 air crew.

#Battle_of_Berlin_(RAF_campaign)

Grand Banks earthquake: Off the south coast of Newfoundland in the Atlantic Ocean, a Richter magnitude 7.2 submarine earthquake, centered on the Grand Banks, breaks 12 submarine transatlantic telegraph cables and triggers a tsunami that destroys many south coast communities in the Burin Peninsula.

#1929_Grand_Banks_earthquake

U.S. President Richard Nixon asks the U.S. Congress for $155 million in supplemental aid for the Cambodian government.

#Richard_Nixon

Pope Tawadros II of Alexandria becomes the 118th Pope of the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria.

#Pope_Tawadros_II_of_Alexandria

At Texas A&M University, the Aggie Bonfire collapses killing 12 students and injuring 27 others.

#Aggie_Bonfire

Pope Innocent III excommunicates Holy Roman Emperor Otto IV.

#Pope_Innocent_III

The Battle of Vertières, the last major battle of the Haitian Revolution, is fought, leading to the establishment of the Republic of Haiti, the first black republic in the Western Hemisphere.

#Battle_of_Vertières

A fire occurs on a train traveling through the Channel Tunnel from France to England causing several injuries and damaging approximately 500 metres (1,600 ft) of tunnel.

#1996_Channel_Tunnel_fire

In the United Kingdom, the Local Government Act 2003, repealing Section 28, becomes effective.

#Local_Government_Act_2003

Phillip II becomes king of France.

#Philip_II_of_France

In South Africa, 21 political parties approve a new constitution, expanding voting rights and ending white minority rule.

#Constitution_of_South_Africa

World War I: First Battle of the Somme: In France, British Expeditionary Force commander Douglas Haig calls off the battle which started on July 1, 1916.

#World_War_I

NASA launches the MAVEN probe to Mars.

#NASA

Pope Martin IV excommunicates King Peter III of Aragon.

#Pope_Martin_IV

Mark Twain's short story "The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County" is published in the New York Saturday Press.

#Mark_Twain

Minecraft is released.

Shiite Muslim kidnappers in Lebanon release Anglican Church envoys Terry Waite and Thomas Sutherland.

War on Drugs: U.S. President Ronald Reagan signs a bill into law allowing the death penalty for drug traffickers.

The Iva Valley Shooting occurs after the coal miners of Enugu in Nigeria go on strike over withheld wages; 21 miners are shot dead and 51 are wounded by police under the supervision of the British colonial administration of Nigeria.

The Popular Socialist Youth is founded in Cuba.

Release of the animated short Steamboat Willie, the first fully synchronized sound cartoon, directed by Walt Disney and Ub Iwerks, featuring the third appearances of cartoon characters Mickey Mouse and Minnie Mouse. This is considered by the Disney corporation to be Mickey's birthday.

Britain and the United States sign the Hay-Pauncefote Treaty, which nullifies the Clayton-Bulwer Treaty and withdraws British objections to an American-controlled canal in Panama.

The Corsican Constitution is voted.

The future Frederick II (known as Frederick the Great), King of Prussia, is granted a royal pardon and released from confinement.

The new St Peter's Basilica is consecrated.