History Events on January 23

After a general uprising and rioting in the streets, President Marcos Pérez Jiménez leaves Venezuela.

#President_of_Venezuela

The bathyscaphe USS Trieste breaks a depth record by descending to 10,911 metres (35,797 ft) in the Pacific Ocean.

#Bathyscaphe

James Stewart, 1st Earl of Moray, regent for the infant King James VI of Scotland, is assassinated by firearm, the first recorded instance of such.

#James_Stewart,_1st_Earl_of_Moray

The deadliest earthquake in history, the Shaanxi earthquake, hits Shaanxi province, China. The death toll may have been as high as 830,000.

#Earthquake

The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame inducts its first members: Little Richard, Chuck Berry, James Brown, Ray Charles, Sam Cooke, Fats Domino, The Everly Brothers, Buddy Holly, Jerry Lee Lewis and Elvis Presley.

#Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame

The Portuguese luxury cruise ship Santa Maria is hijacked by opponents of the Estado Novo regime with the intention of waging war until dictator António de Oliveira Salazar is overthrown.

#Cruise_ship

A very weak signal from Pioneer 10 is detected for the last time, but no usable data can be extracted.

#Pioneer_10

World War II: German admiral Karl Dönitz launches Operation Hannibal.

#Karl_Dönitz

Milton Keynes (England) is founded as a new town by Order in Council, with a planning brief to become a city of 250,000 people. Its initial designated area enclosed three existing towns and twenty one villages. The area to be developed was largely farmland, with evidence of continuous settlement dating back to the Bronze Age.

#Milton_Keynes

In Montana, U.S. cavalrymen kill 173 Native Americans, mostly women and children, in what becomes known as the Marias Massacre.

#Montana

The Netherlands refuses to surrender the exiled Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany to the Allies.

#Wilhelm_II,_German_Emperor

The 24th Amendment to the United States Constitution, prohibiting the use of poll taxes in national elections, is ratified.

#Twenty-fourth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution

World War II: Troops of the British Eighth Army capture Tripoli in Libya from the German-Italian Panzer Army.

#United_Kingdom

Elizabeth Blackwell is awarded her M.D. by the Geneva Medical College of Geneva, New York, becoming the United States' first female doctor.

#Elizabeth_Blackwell

In the conflict between King Henry III of England and his rebellious barons led by Simon de Montfort, King Louis IX of France issues the Mise of Amiens, a one-sided decision in favour of Henry that later leads to the Second Barons' War.

#Henry_III_of_England

The Knesset resolves that Jerusalem is the capital of Israel.

#Knesset

Second Boer War: The Battle of Spion Kop between the forces of the South African Republic and the Orange Free State and British forces ends in a British defeat.

#Second_Boer_War

Anglo-Zulu War: the Battle of Rorke's Drift ends.

#Anglo-Zulu_War

Charles Lindbergh testifies before the U.S. Congress and recommends that the United States negotiate a neutrality pact with Adolf Hitler.

#Charles_Lindbergh

Georgetown College, the first Catholic university in the United States, is founded in Georgetown, Maryland (now a part of Washington, D.C.)

#Georgetown_University

Madeleine Albright becomes the first woman to serve as United States Secretary of State.

#Madeleine_Albright

Blaise Pascal publishes the first of his Lettres provinciales.

#Blaise_Pascal

A 7.9 Mw? earthquake occurs in the Gulf of Alaska. It is tied as the sixth-largest earthquake ever recorded in the United States, but there are no reports of significant damage or fatalities.

#2018_Gulf_of_Alaska_earthquake

After an extraordinary charge across the frozen Zuiderzee, the French cavalry captured 14 Dutch ships and 850 guns, in a rare occurrence of a battle between ships and cavalry.

#Zuiderzee

RMS Republic, a passenger ship of the White Star Line, becomes the first ship to use the CQD distress signal after colliding with another ship, the SS Florida, off the Massachusetts coastline, an event that kills six people. The Republic sinks the next day.

#RMS_Republic_(1903)

World War II: The Battle of Rabaul commences Japan's invasion of Australia's Territory of New Guinea.

#World_War_II

American inventor Walter Frederick Morrison sells the rights to his flying disc to the Wham-O toy company, which later renames it the "Frisbee".

#Walter_Frederick_Morrison

The Royal Exchange opens in London.

#Royal_Exchange,_London

Second Partition of Poland.

#Second_Partition_of_Poland

United States President Richard Nixon announces that a peace accord has been reached in Vietnam.

#Richard_Nixon

The Guinea-Bissau War of Independence officially begins when PAIGC guerrilla fighters attack the Portuguese army stationed in Tite.

#Guinea-Bissau_War_of_Independence

The International Opium Convention is signed at The Hague.

#International_Opium_Convention

The Malolos Constitution is inaugurated, establishing the First Philippine Republic. Emilio Aguinaldo is sworn in as its first President.

#Malolos_Constitution

Having published nothing for eleven years, François Rabelais publishes the Tiers Livre, his sequel to Gargantua and Pantagruel.

#François_Rabelais

The Union of Utrecht forms a Protestant republic in the Netherlands.

#Union_of_Utrecht

Using crossbows, Song dynasty troops soundly defeat a war elephant corps of the Southern Han at Shao.

#Crossbow

A double car bombing in Benghazi, Libya, kills at least 33 people and wounds "dozens" of others. The victims include both military personnel and civilians, according to local officials.

#Benghazi

U.S. journalist Daniel Pearl is kidnapped in Karachi, Pakistan and subsequently murdered.

Five people attempt to set themselves on fire in Beijing's Tiananmen Square, an act that many people later claim is staged by the Communist Party of China to frame Falun Gong and thus escalate their persecution.

Netscape announced Mozilla, with the intention to release Communicator code as open source.

Diplomatic relations between the Soviet Union and Ivory Coast are established.

The trial of the anti-Soviet Trotskyist center sees seventeen mid-level Communists accused of sympathizing with Leon Trotsky and plotting to overthrow Joseph Stalin's regime.

Ålesund Fire: the Norwegian coastal town Ålesund is devastated by fire, leaving 10,000 people homeless and one person dead. Kaiser Wilhelm II funds the rebuilding of the town in Jugendstil style.

Slavery in Tunisia is abolished.

The Principality of Liechtenstein is created within the Holy Roman Empire.

In a coronation ceremony, Zhu Yuanzhang ascends the throne of China as the Hongwu Emperor, initiating Ming dynasty rule over China that would last for three centuries.

Roman Emperor Theodosius I proclaims his eight-year-old son Honorius co-emperor.